Socio-economic factors, including poverty, demographic pressure, and youth employment underlying many recurrent food crises. This requires a focus on understanding these tangled issues and provide innovative and sustainable solutions.

Climate variability and extremes are among the leading causes of severe food crises. It is critical to look at different solutions in the face of environmental and climate constraints and challenges.

The worst and most persistent food crises are principally caused by armed conflict and insecurity. The link between conflict and hunger points to the need to invest in safeguarding agriculture-based livelihoods to prevent and respond to food crises.

In food crises contexts, it is critical to improve data quality and frequency to ensure timely action. It is also essential to invest in the monitoring and early warning systems as well as better use of data in shaping decision-making processes.

Greater coherence and coordinated efforts are needed between humanitarian, development and peace actors to deliver collective outcomes in an integrated manner.

The complex dynamics of local and regional food security and food systems and their connection to the interlinked drivers of vulnerability have yet to be fully understood and addressed.